Chapter 21 Flavivirus Encephalitides
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- Wengler G: Cell-associated West Nile flavivirus is covered with E+pre-M protein heterodimers which are destroyed and reorganized by proteolytic cleavage during virus release. J Virol 63(6):2521–2526, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
- Grun JB, Brinton MA: Separation of functional West Nile virus replication complexes from intracellular membrane fragments. J Gen Virol 69(Pt 12):3121–3127, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
- Wengler G, Nowak T, Wahn K: Analysis of the influence of proteolytic cleavage on the structural organization of the surface of the West Nile flavivirus leads to the isolation of a protease-resistant E protein oligomer from the viral surface. Virology 160(1):210–219, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Nowak T, Wengler G: Analysis of disulfides present in the membrane proteins of the West Nile flavivirus. Virology 156(1):127–137, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Castle E, Nowak T, Leidner U, et al: Sequence analysis of the viral core protein and the membrane-associated proteins V1 and NV2 of the flavivirus West Nile virus and of the genome sequence for these proteins. Virology 145(2):227–236, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
- Wengler G, Castle E, Leidner U, et al: Sequence analysis of the membrane protein V3 of the flavivirus West Nile virus and of its gene. Virology 147(2):264–274, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
- Colpitts TM, Barthel S, Wang P, et al: Dengue virus capsid protein binds core histones and inhibits nucleosome formation in human liver cells. PLoS One 6(9):e24365, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
- Schlick P, Kofler RM, Schittl B, et al: Characterization of West Nile virus live vaccine candidates attenuated by capsid deletion mutations. Vaccine 28(36):5903–5909, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
- Brault JB, Kudelko M, Vidalain PO, et al: The interaction of flavivirus M protein with light chain Tctex-1 of human dynein plays a role in late stages of virus replication. Virology 417(2):369–378, 2010.
- Beasley DW, Whiteman MC, Zhang S, et al: Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile virus strains. J Virol 79(13):8339–8347, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Castle E, Leidner U, Nowak T, et al: Primary structure of the West Nile flavivirus genome region coding for all nonstructural proteins. Virology 149(1):10–26, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Roehrig JT, Bolin RA, Kelly RG: Monoclonal antibody mapping of the envelope glycoprotein of the dengue 2 virus, Jamaica. Virology 246(2):317–328, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Koschinski A, Wengler G, Repp H: The membrane proteins of flaviviruses form ion-permeable pores in the target membrane after fusion: identification of the pores and analysis of their possible role in virus infection. J Gen Virol 84(Pt 7):1711–1721, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Yamshchikov VF, Trent DW, Compans RW: Upregulation of signalase processing and induction of prM-E secretion by the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 protease: roles of protease components. J Virol 71(6):4364–4371, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Liu WJ, Chen HB, Wang XJ, et al: Analysis of adaptive mutations in Kunjin virus replicon RNA reveals a novel role for the flavivirus nonstructural protein NS2A in inhibition of beta interferon promoter-driven transcription. J Virol 78(22):12225–12235, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Munoz-Jordan JL, Laurent-Rolle M, Ashour J, et al: Inhibition of alpha/beta interferon signaling by the NS4B protein of flaviviruses. J Virol 79(13):8004–8013, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Grun JB, Brinton MA: Dissociation of NS5 from cell fractions containing West Nile virus-specific polymerase activity. J Virol 61(11):3641–3644, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Grun JB, Brinton MA: Characterization of West Nile virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and cellular terminal adenylyl and uridylyl transferases in cell-free extracts. J Virol 60(3):1113–1124, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Lindenbach BD, Thiel H-J, Rice CM: Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication. In Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors: Fields virology, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2007, Lippincott-Raven, pp 991–1041.
- Wu J, Bera AK, Kuhn RJ, et al: Structure of the Flavivirus helicase: implications for catalytic activity, protein interactions, and proteolytic processing. J Virol 79(16):10268–10277, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Hayes CG: West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951:25–37, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Kilpatrick AM, Meola MA, Moudy RM, et al: Temperature, viral genetics, and the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog 4(6):e1000092, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Reisen WK: Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Res 85(2):328–345, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
- McLean RG, Ubico SR, Bourne D, et al: West Nile virus in livestock and wildlife. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267:271–308, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Komar N, Panella NA, Boyce E: Exposure of domestic mammals to West Nile virus during an outbreak of human encephalitis, New York City, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):736–738, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Komar N, Lanciotti R, Bowen R, et al: Detection of West Nile virus in oral and cloacal swabs collected from bird carcasses. Emerg Infect Dis 8(7):741–742, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, et al: Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9(3):311–322, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Hayes EB, Komar N, Nasci RS, et al: Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis 11(8):1167–1173, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusions. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51(43):973–974, 2002.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding—Michigan, 2002. JAMA 288(16):1976–1977, 2002.
- Update: Investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of organ transplantation and blood transfusion. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51(37):833–836, 2002.
- Hindiyeh M, Shulman LM, Mendelson E, et al: Isolation and characterization of West Nile virus from the blood of viremic patients during the 2000 outbreak in Israel. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):748–750, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Intrauterine West Nile virus infection—New York, 2002. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51(50):1135–1136, 2002.
- Baqar S, Hayes CG, Murphy JR, et al: Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex and Aedes species mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48(6):757–762, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Ahmed T, Hayes CG, Baqar S: Comparison of vector competence for West Nile virus of colonized populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus from southern Asia and the Far East. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 10(4):498–504, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
- Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, et al: Host feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 12(3):468–474, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Turell MJ, O'Guinn ML, Dohm DJ, et al: Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 38(2):130–134, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Hadler J, Nelson R, McCarthy T, et al: West Nile virus surveillance in Connecticut in 2000: an intense epizootic without high risk for severe human disease. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):636–642, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Kulasekera VL, Kramer L, Nasci RS, et al: West Nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, Staten Island, New York, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 7(4):722–725, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Update: Surveillance for West Nile virus in overwintering mosquitoes—New York, 2000. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49(9):178–179, 2000.
- Komar N: West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv Virus Res 61:185–234, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Hayes CG, Basit A, Bagar S, et al: Vector competence of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 17(2):172–177, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
- Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, et al: Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7(6):1018–1022, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Mans NZ, Yurgionas SE, Garvin MC, et al: West Nile virus in mosquitoes of Northern Ohio, 2001-2002. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70(5):562–565, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Reisen WK, Fang Y, Martinez VM: Avian host and mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence determine the efficiency of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission. J Med Entomol 42(3):367–375, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Turell MJ, O'Guinn ML, Dohm DJ, et al: Vector competence of Culex tarsalis from Orange County, California, for West Nile virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2(3):193–196, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Blackmore CG, Stark LM, Jeter WC, et al: Surveillance results from the first West Nile virus transmission season in Florida, 2001. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69(2):141–150, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Godsey MS Jr, Blackmore MS, Panella NA, et al: West Nile virus epizootiology in the southeastern United States, 2001. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5(1):82–89, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Hribar LJ, Vlach JJ, Demay DJ, et al: Mosquitoes infected with West Nile virus in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida, USA. J Med Entomol 40(3):361–363, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Rutledge CR, Day JF, Lord CC, et al: West Nile virus infection rates in Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) do not reflect transmission rates in Florida. J Med Entomol 40(3):253–258, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Zyzak M, Loyless T, Cope S, et al: Seasonal abundance of Culex nigripalpus Theobald and Culex salinarius Coquillett in north Florida, USA. J Vector Ecol 27(1):155–162, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Tesh RB, Parsons R, Siirin M, et al: Year-round West Nile virus activity, Gulf Coast region, Texas and Louisiana. Emerg Infect Dis 10(9):1649–1652, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Lillibridge KM, Parsons R, Randle Y, et al: The 2002 introduction of West Nile virus into Harris County, Texas, an area historically endemic for St. Louis encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70(6):676–681, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, O'Guinn ML, et al: Vector competence of three North American strains of Aedes albopictus for West Nile virus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18(4):284–289, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, Sardelis MR, et al: An update on the potential of north American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit West Nile Virus. J Med Entomol 42(1):57–62, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Trawinski PR, Mackay DS: Identification of environmental covariates of West Nile virus vector mosquito population abundance. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10(5):515–526, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
- Niebylski ML, Savage HM, Nasci RS, et al: Blood hosts of Aedes albopictus in the United States. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10(3):447–450, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Savage HM, Niebylski ML, Smith GC, et al: Host-feeding patterns of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) at a temperate North American site. J Med Entomol 30(1):27–34, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Samui KL, Gleiser RM, Hugh-Jones ME, et al: Mosquitoes captured in a horse-baited stable trap in southeast Louisiana. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19(2):139–147, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Rochlin I, Ginsberg HS, Campbell SR: Distribution and abundance of host-seeking Culex species at three proximate locations with different levels of West Nile virus activity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80(4):661–668, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
- Molaei G, Andreadis TG: Identification of avian- and mammalian-derived bloodmeals in Aedes vexans and Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae) and its implication for West Nile virus transmission in Connecticut, USA. J Med Entomol 43(5):1088–1093, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Anderson JF, Main AJ, Ferrandino FJ, et al: Nocturnal activity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a West Nile virus focus in Connecticut. J Med Entomol 44(6):1102–1108, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
- Bunning ML, Bowen RA, Cropp B, et al: Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus and their potential to infect mosquitoes and serve as amplifying hosts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951:338–339, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Ng T, Hathaway D, Jennings N, et al: Equine vaccine for West Nile virus. Dev Biol (Basel) 114:221–227, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Anderson JF, Main AJ, Andreadis TG, et al: Transstadial transfer of West Nile virus by three species of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 40(4):528–533, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Lawrie CH, Uzcategui NY, Gould EA, et al: Ixodid and argasid tick species and west nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 10(4):653–657, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Hutcheson HJ, Gorham CH, Machain-Williams C, et al: Experimental transmission of West Nile virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) by Carios capensis ticks from North America. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5(3):293–295, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Southam CM, Moore AE: Induced virus infections in man by the Egypt isolates of West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 3(1):19–50, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
- Bunning ML, Bowen RA, Cropp CB, et al: Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8(4):380–386, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Austgen LE, Bowen RA, Bunning ML, et al: Experimental infection of cats and dogs with West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 10(1):82–86, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Jones MJ, et al: West Nile virus epidemics in North America are driven by shifts in mosquito feeding behavior. PLoS Biol 4(4):e82, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Kilpatrick AM, Daszak P, Jones MJ, et al: Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission. Proc Biol Sci 273(1599):2327–2333, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Komar N: West Nile viral encephalitis. Rev Sci Tech 19(1):166–176, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Pesko KN, Ebel GD: West Nile virus population genetics and evolution. Infect Genet Evol 12(2):181–190, 2012. PUBMED Abstract
- Work TH, Hurlbut HS, Taylor RM: Isolation of West Nile virus from hooded crow and rock pigeon in the Nile delta. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 84(3):719–722, 1953. PUBMED Abstract
- Work TH, Hurlbut HS, Taylor RM: Indigenous wild birds of the Nile Delta as potential West Nile virus circulating reservoirs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 4(5):872–888, 1955. PUBMED Abstract
- Caffrey CPC: Christmas bird count data suggest West Nile virus may not be a conservation issue in the northeastern United States. American Birds (103rd Count) 14–21, 2004.
- Jacobson ER, Ginn PE, Troutman JM, et al: West Nile virus infection in farmed American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Florida. J Wildl Dis 41(1):96–106, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Heinz-Taheny KM, Andrews JJ, Kinsel MJ, et al: West Nile virus infection in free-ranging squirrels in Illinois. J Vet Diagn Invest 16(3):186–190, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Kutzler MA, Bildfell RJ, Gardner-Graff KK, et al: West Nile virus infection in two alpacas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225(6):880, 921–924, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Yaeger M, Yoon KJ, Schwartz K, et al: West Nile virus meningoencephalitis in a Suri alpaca and Suffolk ewe. J Vet Diagn Invest 16(1):64–66, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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- Hayes EB, Gubler DJ: West Nile virus: epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States. Annu Rev Med 57:181–194, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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- Gingrich JB, Williams GM: Host-feeding patterns of suspected West Nile virus mosquito vectors in Delaware, 2001-2002. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 21(2):194–200, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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- Durand B, Chevalier V, Pouillot R, et al: West Nile virus outbreak in horses, southern France, 2000: results of a serosurvey. Emerg Infect Dis 8(8):777–782, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Kramer LD, Bernard KA: West Nile virus infection in birds and mammals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951:84–93, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- West Nile virus activity—United States, January 1-December 1, 2005. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 54(49):1253–1256, 2005.
- Update: West Nile Virus activity—Eastern United States, 2000. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49(46):1044–1047, 2000.
- West Nile virus activity—United States, 2006. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56(22):556–559, 2007.
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- Oudar J, Joubert L, Lapras M, et al: Experimental reproduction of meningo-encephalomyelitis of horses with West Nile arbovirus. II. Anatomo-clinical study. Bull Acad Vet Fr 44(3):147–158, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
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