Chapter 20 Equine Alphaviruses
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- Thibodeaux BA, Liss NM, Panella AN, et al: Development of a human-murine chimeric immunoglobulin M for use in the serological detection of human alphavirus antibodies. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18:2181–2182, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
- Aaslestad HG, Hoffman EJ, Brown A: Fractionation of Eastern equine encephalitis virus by density gradient centrifugation in CsCl. J Virol 2:972–978, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
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- Foster NM, Barber TL, Walton TE: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus: concentration, partial purification, inactivation and immunogenicity. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 6:31–37, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
- Sudia WD, Newhouse VF, Beadle ID, et al: Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vector studies. Am J Epidemiol 101:17–35, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
- Monath TP, McLean RG, Cropp CB, et al: Diagnosis of eastern equine encephalomyelitis by immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue. Am J Vet Res 42:1418–1421, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
- Shope RE, Causey OR, De Andrade AH: The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex of group a arthropod-borne viruses, including Mucambo and Pixuna from the Amazon region of Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 13:723–727, 1964. PUBMED Abstract
- Sekla LH, Stackiw W: Laboratory diagnosis of Western encephalomyelitis. Can J Public Health 67 Suppl 1:33–39, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
- Scott TW, Olson JG, All BP 3rd, et al: Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen in equine brain tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Vet Res 49:1716–1718, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Hagenbaugh A, Bellew LA, et al: A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses with those of other alphaviruses and related RNA viruses. Virology 197:375–390, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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- Brault AC, Powers AM, Chavez CL, et al: Genetic and antigenic diversity among eastern equine encephalitis viruses from North, Central, and South America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61:579–586, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Scott TW, Rico-Hesse R: Molecular evolution of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in North America. Virology 182:774–784, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Rico-Hesse R, Scott TW: Genetic diversity and slow rates of evolution in New World alphaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 176:99–117, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Hagenbaugh A, Bellew LA, et al: Genetic characterization of an antigenic subtype of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Arch Virol 127:305–314, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Bellew LA, Gousset L, et al: Diversity within natural populations of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Virology 195:700–709, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Hagenbaugh A, Bellew LA, et al: Evolution of alphaviruses in the eastern equine encephalomyelitis complex. J Virol 68:158–169, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Hagenbaugh A, Bellew LA, et al: A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses with those of other alphaviruses and related RNA viruses. Virology 202:1083, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Bertram DS: Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 65:742–762, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
- Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Presser SB, et al: Landscape ecology of arboviruses in southern California: temporal and spatial patterns of vector and virus activity in Coachella Valley, 1990-1992. J Med Entomol 32:255–266, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Reisen WK, Hardy JL, Chiles RE, et al: Ecology of mosquitoes and lack of arbovirus activity at Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 12:679–687, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Presser SB, et al: Landscape ecology of arboviruses in southeastern California: temporal and spatial patterns of enzootic activity in Imperial Valley, 1991-1994. J Med Entomol 34:179–188, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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- Brown CR, Strickler SA, Moore AT, et al: Winter ecology of Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) in the Central Great Plains. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10:355–363, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Winegar R, Manger ID, et al: Alphaviruses: population genetics and determinants of emergence. Antiviral Res 94:242–257, 2012. PUBMED Abstract
- Morris CD, Srihongse S: An evaluation of the hypothesis of transovarial transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus by Culiseta melanura. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27:1246–1250, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
- Scott TW, Hildreth SW, Beaty BJ: The distribution and development of eastern equine encephalitis virus in its enzootic mosquito vector, Culiseta melanura. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33:300–310, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Scott TW, Lorenz LH: Patterns of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 27:878–891, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
- Weaver SC, Scott TW, Lorenz LH, et al: Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus deposition in Culiseta melanura following ingestion of radiolabeled virus in blood meals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44:250–259, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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- Chatterjee SN, Chakravarty MS, Chakravarty SK, et al: Serological survey for antibodies against chikungunya virus in Calcutta. Bull Calcutta Sch Trop Med 15:55–56, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
- Williams JE, Young OP, Watts DM, et al: Wild birds as eastern (EEE) and western (WEE) equine encephalitis sentinels. J Wildl Dis 7:188–194, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
- Morris CD, Caines AR, Woodall JP, et al: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in upstate New York 1972-1974. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24:986–991, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
- McLean RG, Frier G, Parham GL, et al: Investigations of the vertebrate hosts of eastern equine encephalitis during an epizootic in Michigan, 1980. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34:1190–1202, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
- Hardy JL: The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Central Valley of California, 1945-1985. Am J Trop Med Hyg 37:18S–32S, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Reisen WK, Hardy JL, Presser SB: Evaluation of domestic pigeons as sentinels for detecting arbovirus activity in southern California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46:69–79, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Howard JJ, Grayson MA, White DJ, et al: Evidence for multiple foci of eastern equine encephalitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) in central New York State. J Med Entomol 33:421–432, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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