Chapter 1 Respiratory Infections
- Long MT: Mechanisms of infectious disease. In Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC, editors: Equine internal medicine, ed 2, St Louis, 2004, Saunders, pp 59–74.
- Bailey GD, Love DN: Oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections. Vet Microbiol 15:367–379, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Raidal SL, Love DN, Bailey GD: Inflammation and increased numbers of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of horses within 6 to 12 hours of confinement with the head elevated. Aust Vet J 72:45–50, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Austin SM, DiPietro JA, Foreman JH, et al: Comparison of the efficacy of ivermectin, oxibendazole, and pyrantel pamoate against 28-day Parascaris equorum larvae in the intestine of pony foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1946–1949, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Raidal SL, Love DN, Bailey GD: Effects of posture and accumulated airway secretions on tracheal mucociliary transport in the horse. Aust Vet J 73:45–49, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Kemper T, Spier S, Barratt-Boyes SM, et al: Treatment of smoke inhalation in five horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:91–94, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Wood JL, Newton JR, Chanter N, et al: Association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses. J Clin Microbiol 43:120–126, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Tizard I: Immunity at body surfaces. In Tizard I, editor: Veterinary immunology, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, p 242.
- Pickrell J: Hazards in confinement housing: gases and dusts in confined animal houses for swine, poultry, horses and humans. Vet Hum Toxicol 33:32–39, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Leduc D, Gris P, Lheureux P, et al: Acute and long-term respiratory damage following inhalation of ammonia. Thorax 47:755–757, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Gaafar H, Girgis R, Hussein M, et al: The effect of ammonia on the respiratory nasal mucosa of mice: a histological and histochemical study. Acta Otolaryngol 112:339–342, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Tizard I: Immunity at body surfaces. In Tizard I, editor: Veterinary immunology, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 222–234.
- Raidal SL, Love DN, Bailey GD: Effect of a single bout of high intensity exercise on lower respiratory tract contamination in the horse. Aust Vet J 75:293–295, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Parbhakar OP, Duke T, Townsend HG, et al: Depletion of pulmonary intravascular macrophages partially inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in horses. Vet Res 36:557–569, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Parbhakar OP, Duke T, Townsend HG, et al: Immunophenotypic characterization and depletion of pulmonary intravascular macrophages of horses. Vet Res 35:39–51, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Linde A, Ross CR, Davis EG, et al: Innate immunity and host defense peptides in veterinary medicine. J Vet Intern Med 22:247–265, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Scocchi M, Bontempo D, Boscolo S, et al: Novel cathelicidins in horse leukocytes (1). FEBS Lett 457:459–464, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Skerlavaj B, Scocchi M, Gennaro R, et al: Structural and functional analysis of horse cathelicidin peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:715–722, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Davis EG, Sang Y, Rush B, Zhang G, Blecha F: Molecular cloning and characterization of equine NK-lysin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 105:163–169, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Davis EG, Sang Y, Blecha F: Equine beta-defensin-1: full-length cDNA sequence and tissue expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 99:127–132, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Quinlivan M, Cullinane A, Nelly M, et al: Comparison of sensitivities of virus isolation, antigen detection, and nucleic acid amplification for detection of equine influenza virus. J Clin Microbiol 42:759–763, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Li F, Browning GF, Studdert MJ, et al: Equine rhinovirus 1 is more closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus than to other picornaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:990–995, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Kriegshauser G, Deutz A, Kuechler E, et al: Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinitis A and B virus in horses and man. Vet Microbiol 106:293–296, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Carman S, Rosendal, S, Huber L, et al: Infectious agents in acute respiratory disease in horses in Ontario. J Vet Diagn Invest 9:17–23, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Huang JA, Ficorilli N, Hartley CA, et al: Equine rhinitis B virus: a new serotype. J Gen Virol 82:2641–2645, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Timoney JF, Artiushin SC: Detection of Streptococcus equi in equine nasal swabs and washes by DNA amplification. Vet Rec 141:446–447, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Crandell RA, Drysdale S, Stein TL: A comparative study of bovine herpesvirus 1247 and equine herpesvirus 1 in ponies. Can J Comp Med 43:94–97, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
- Dynon K, Varrasso, A, Ficorilli N, et al: Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction. Aust Vet J 79:695–702, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Greet T: Differential diagnosis of nasal discharge in the horse. In Pract 8:49–57, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Hartley CA, Ficorilli N, Dynon K, et al: Equine rhinitis A virus: structural proteins and immune response. J Gen Virol 82:1725–1728, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Korenek NL, Legendre AM, Andrews FM, et al: Treatment of mycotic rhinitis with itraconazole in three horses. J Vet Intern Med 8:224–227, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Moorthy AR, Spradbrow PB: Isolation of mycoplasmas from the respiratory tract of horses in Australia. Vet Rec 98:235–237, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
- Wood JL, Chanter N, Newton JR, et al: An outbreak of respiratory disease in horses associated with Mycoplasma felis infection. Vet Rec 140:388–391, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Davis PR, Meyer GA, Hanson RR, et al: Pseudallescheria boydii infection of the nasal cavity of a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:707–709, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Rezabek GB, Donahue JM, Giles RC, et al: Histoplasmosis in horses. J Comp Pathol 109:47–55, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Riley CB, Bolton JR, Mills JN, et al: Cryptococcosis in seven horses. Aust Vet J 69:135–139, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Sweeney CR, Habecker PL: Pulmonary aspergillosis in horses: 29 cases (1974-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:808–811, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Otranto D, Colwell DD, Milillo P, et al: Report in Europe of nasal myiasis by Rhinoestrus spp. in horses and donkeys: seasonal patterns and taxonomical considerations. Vet Parasitol 122:79–88, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Arun S, Neubauer H, Gurel A, et al: Equine glanders in Turkey. Vet Rec 144:255–258, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Howe C, Sampath A, Spotnitz M: The pseudomallei group: a review. J Infect Dis 124:598–606, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
- Mostafa IE: Studies of bovine farcy in the Sudan. I. Pathology of the disease. J Comp Pathol 77:223–229, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
- Sharrer GT: The great glanders epizootic, 1861-1866: a Civil War legacy. Agric Hist 69:79–97, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Verge J, Cauchy L, Caziot G. [Horse with glanders.] Rec Med Vet Ec Alfort 127:65–73, 1951. PUBMED Abstract
- Wilkinson L: Glanders: medicine and veterinary medicine in common pursuit of a contagious disease. Med Hist 25:363–384, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
- Zubaidy AJ, Al-Ani FK: Pathology of glanders in horses in Iraq. Vet Pathol 15:566–568, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
- DiPietro JA, Todd KS, Jr: Anthelmintics used in treatment of parasitic infections of horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 3:1–14, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Meginnis PJ: Nasal irrigation in the treatment of nasal catarrh and sinus infections in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 128:577–580, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
- Tremaine WH, Dixon PM: A long-term study of 277 cases of equine sinonasal disease. Part 2. Treatments and results of treatments. Equine Vet J 33:283–289, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Coffman JR: Diagnosis of disease of the teeth and sinuses of the horse. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 64:497–501, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
- Coumbe KM, Jones RD, Kenward JH: Bilateral sinus empyema in a six-year-old mare. Equine Vet J 19:559–560, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Freeman DE: Sinus disease. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 19:209–243, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Tremaine WH, Dixon PM: A long-term study of 277 cases of equine sinonasal disease. Part 1. Details of horses, historical, clinical and ancillary diagnostic findings. Equine Vet J 33:274–282, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, et al: Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): treatments and long-term results of treatments. Equine Vet J 44:272–276, 2012. PUBMED Abstract
- Fiske-Jackson AR, Pollock PJ, Witte RH, et al: Fungal sinusitis resulting in suspected trigeminal neuropathy as a cause of headshaking in 5 horses. Equine Vet Educ 24:126–133, 2012.
- Henninger W, Frame EM, Willmann M, et al: CT features of alveolitis and sinusitis in horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:269–276, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Probst A, Henninger W, Willmann M: Communications of normal nasal and paranasal cavities in computed tomography of horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:44–48, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Swor TM, Skirpstunas RT, Hines MT, et al: What is your diagnosis? Soft tissue opacification of the right maxillary sinus and lysis of the maxillary bone. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:347–348, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Dixon PM, Tremaine WH, Pickles K, et al: Equine dental disease part 4: a long-term study of 400 cases: apical infections of cheek teeth. Equine Vet J 32:182–194, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Gibbs C, Lane JG: Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the horse. II. Radiological findings. Equine Vet J 19:474–482, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Lane JG, Gibbs C, Meynink SE, et al: Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the horse. I. Indications and procedures in 235 cases. Equine Vet J 19:466–473, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Holcombe SJ: Medical treatment of upper airway dysfunction. In Robinson NE, editor: Current therapy in equine medicine, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 398–400.
- Quinn GC, Kidd JA, Lane JG: Modified frontonasal sinus flap surgery in standing horses: surgical findings and outcomes of 60 cases. Equine Vet J 37:138–142, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Sweeney CR, Timoney JF, Newton JR, et al: Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control, and prevention of strangles. J Vet Intern Med 19:123–134, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Freeman DE, Orsini PG, Ross MW, et al: A large frontonasal bone flap for sinus surgery in the horse. Vet Surg 19:122–130, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
- Moore BR, Krakowka S, Cummins JM, et al: Changes in airway inflammatory cell populations in standardbred racehorses after interferon-alpha administration. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 49:347–358, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Moore BR: Clinical application of interferons in large animal medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1711–1715, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Palmer SE: The use of lasers for treatment of upper respiratory tract disorders. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 19:245–263, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Ainsworth D, Hackett RP: Disorders of the respiratory system. In Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC, editors: Equine internal medicine, ed 2, St Louis, 2004, Saunders, pp 289–353.
- Timoney JF, Gillespie JH, Scott FW, et al: The Orthomyxoviridae. In Timoney JF, Gillespie JH, Scott FW, et al, editors: Hagan and Bruner's microbiology and infectious diseases of domestic animals, Ithaca, NY, 1988, Comstock Publishing Associates, pp 775–789.
- Wood JM: Antigenic variation of equine influenza: a stable virus. Equine Vet J 20:316–318, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
- Morley PS, Townsend HG, Bogdan JR, et al: Descriptive epidemiologic study of disease associated with influenza virus infections during three epidemics in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:535–544, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Newton JR, Verheyen K, Wood JL, et al: Equine influenza in the United Kingdom in 1998. Vet Rec 145:449–452, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Patel JR, Heldens J: Equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4): epidemiology, disease and immunoprophylaxis—a brief review. Vet J 170:14–23, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- O'Keefe JS, Alley MR, Jones D, et al: Neonatal mortality due to equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in a foal. Aust Vet J 72:353–354, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Wilkins PA: Lower airway diseases of the adult horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 19:101–121, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Nordengrahn A, Rusvai M, Merza M, et al: Equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) as a predisposing factor for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals: prevention of the bifactorial disease with EHV-2 immunostimulating complexes. Vet Microbiol 51:55–68, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Murray MJ, Eichorn ES, Dubovi EJ, et al: Equine herpesvirus type 2: prevalence and seroepidemiology in foals. Equine Vet J 28:432–436, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Borchers K, Wolfinger U, Goltz M, et al: Distribution and relevance of equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2) infections. Arch Virol 142:917–928, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Nordengrahn A, Klingeborn B, Lindholm A, et al: The use of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to detect infections of equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV-2). J Vet Diagn Invest 13:389–393, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Blakeslee JR, Jr, Olsen RG, McAllister ES, et al: Evidence of respiratory tract infection induced by equine herpesvirus, type 2, in the horse. Can J Microbiol 21:1940–1946, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
- Timoney PJ, McCollum WH: Equine viral arteritis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 9:295–309, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Timoney PJ: Equine viral arteritis: a disease of emerging significance? Equine Vet J 18:166–168, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Del Piero F, Wilkins PA, Lopez JW, et al: Equine viral arteritis in newborn foals: clinical, pathological, serological, microbiological and immunohistochemical observations. Equine Vet J 29:178–185, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Whitwell K: Pneumocystis carinii infection in foals in the UK. Vet Rec 131:19, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Shively JN, et al: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in two foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 162:648–652, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
- Whitlock RH, Dellers RW, Shively JN: Adenoviral pneumonia in a foal. Cornell Vet 65:393–401, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
- Schlocker N, Gerber-Bretscher R, von Fellenberg R: Equine herpesvirus 2 in pulmonary macrophages of horses. Am J Vet Res 56:749–754, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Ryu SH, Kim JG, Bak UB, et al: A hematogenic pleuropneumonia caused by postoperative septic thrombophlebitis in a Thoroughbred gelding. J Vet Sci 5:75–77, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Racklyeft DJ, Love DN: Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in 34 horses. Aust Vet J 78:549–559, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Williams KJ, Maes R, Del Piero F, et al: Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: a newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease. Vet Pathol 44:849–862, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
- Raidal SL: Equine pleuropneumonia. Br Vet J 151:233–262, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Austin SM, Foreman JH, Hungerford LL: Case-control study of risk factors for development of pleuropneumonia in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:325–328, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Sprayberry KA, Byars TD: Equine pleuropneumonia. Equine Vet Educ 11:290–293, 1999.
- Racklyeft DJ, Raidal S, Love DN: Towards an understanding of equine pleuropneumonia: factors relevant for control. Aust Vet J 78:334–338, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- McGorum BC, Railton DI, Clarke CJ, et al: Pleuropneumonia associated with pulmonary hydatidosis in a horse. Equine Vet J 26:249–250, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Chaffin MK, Cohen ND, Martens RJ, et al: Foal-related risk factors associated with development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia on farms with endemic infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1791–1799, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Sweeney CR, Holcombe SJ, Barningham SC, et al: Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from horses with pneumonia or pleuropneumonia and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the aerobes. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:839–842, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Racklyeft DJ, Love DN: Influence of head posture on the respiratory tract of healthy horses. Aust Vet J 67:402–405, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
- Traub-Dargatz JL: Bacterial pneumonia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 7:53–61, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Traub-Dargatz JL, McKinnon AO, Bruyninckx WJ, et al: Effect of transportation stress on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in female horses. Am J Vet Res 49:1026–1029, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
- Byars TD, Becht JL: Pleuropneumonia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 7:63–78, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Chaffin MK, Carter GK: Equine bacterial pleuropneumonia. Part 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and bacterial isolates. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 15:1642–1650, 1993.
- Dechan J: Combination of medical and surgical therapy for pleuropneumonia in a horse. Can Vet J 38:499–501, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Reef VB: Thoracic ultrasonography: noncardiac imaging. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, Saunders, pp 187–214.
- Collins MB, Hodgson DR, Hutchins DR: Pleural effusion associated with acute and chronic pleuropneumonia and pleuritis secondary to thoracic wounds in horses: 43 cases (1982-1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1753–1758, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Cobben NA, van Belle AF, Pennings HJ, et al: Diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in pleural effusions. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 35:523–528, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Ebert W, Bauer HG, Bauer E, Trefz G: Significance of microbiological and biochemical analyses in empyema thoracis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 38:348–351, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
- Schott HC: Thoracic drainage in horses. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 12:251–261, 1990.
- Boy MG, Sweeney CR: Pneumothorax in horses: 40 cases (1980-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:1955–1959, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Carr EA, Carlson GP, Wilson WD, et al: Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in horses: 21 cases (1967-1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1774–1778, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Norman TE, Chaffin MK, Perris EE, et al: Massive pulmonary thromboembolism in six horses. Equine Vet J 40:514–517, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Specht TE, Brown MP, Gronwall RR, et al: Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its concentration in body fluids and endometrial tissues of mares. Am J Vet Res 53:1807–1812, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
- Rossier Y, Divers TJ, Sweeney RW: Variations in urinary gamma glutamyl transferase/urinary creatinine ratio in horses with or without pleuropneumonia treated with gentamicin. Equine Vet J 27:217–220, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Dechant JE, MacDonald DG, Crawford WH, et al: Pleuritis associated with perforation of an isolated oesophageal ulcer in a horse. Equine Vet J 30:170–172, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Mair T: Treatment and complications of pleuropneumonia. Equine Vet J 23:5, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Nout YS, Hinchcliff KW, Samii VF, et al: Chronic pulmonary disease with radiographic interstitial opacity (interstitial pneumonia) in foals. Equine Vet J 34:542–548, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Britton AP, Robinson JH: Isolation of influenza A virus from a 7-day-old foal with bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Can Vet J 43:55–56, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Buergelt CD, Hines SA, Cantor G, et al: A retrospective study of proliferative interstitial lung disease of horses in Florida. Vet Pathol 23:750–756, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Kleiboeker SB, Schommer SK, Johnson PJ, et al: Association of two newly recognized herpesviruses with interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (Equus asinus). J Vet Diagn Invest 14:273–280, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Nobre D, Dagli ML, Haraguchi M: Crotalaria juncea intoxication in horses. Vet Hum Toxicol 36:445–448, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Buergelt CD: Interstitial pneumonia in the horse: a fledgling morphological entity with mysterious causes. Equine Vet J 27:4–5, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Donaldson MT, Beech J, Ennulat D, et al: Interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis in a horse. Equine Vet J 30:173–175, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Dungworth DL: Interstitial pulmonary disease. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 26:173–200, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
- Wong DM, Belgrave RL, Williams KJ, et al: Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:898–905, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Niedermaier G, Poth T, Gehlen H: Clinical aspects of multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in two warmblood horses. Vet Rec 166: 426–430, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
- Bell SA, Balasuriya UB, Gardner IA, et al: Temporal detection of equine herpesvirus infections of a cohort of mares and their foals. Vet Microbiol 116: 249–257, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Rush BR, Raub ES, Thomsen MM, et al: Pulmonary function and adrenal gland suppression with incremental doses of aerosolized beclomethasone dipropionate in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:359–364, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Derksen FJ, Olszewski MA, Robinson NE, et al: Aerosolized albuterol sulfate used as a bronchodilator in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Am J Vet Res 60:689–693, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Rush BR, Hoskinson JJ, Davis EG, et al: Pulmonary distribution of aerosolized technetium Tc 99m pentetate after administration of a single dose of aerosolized albuterol sulfate in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Am J Vet Res 60:764–769, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Leguillette R: Recurrent airway obstruction: heaves. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 19:63–86, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Maxwell LK, Bentz BG, Bourne DW, et al: Pharmacokinetics of valacyclovir in the adult horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31: 312–320, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Garre B, Baert K, Nauwynck H, et al: Multiple oral dosing of valacyclovir in horses and ponies. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 32: 207–212, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
- Garre B, Gryspeerdt A, Croubels S, et al: Evaluation of orally administered valacyclovir in experimentally EHV1-infected ponies. Vet Microbiol 135:214–221, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
- Schwarz B, Schwendenwein I, van cen Hoven R: Successful outcome in a case of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) treated with valacyclovir. Equine Vet Educ 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00425.x.
- Razonable RR: Cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation: current concepts and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 14:4849–4860, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Razonable RR, Emery VC: Management of CMV infection and disease in transplant patients: 27-29 February 2004. Herpes 11:77–86, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Burks BS: Parasitic pneumonitis in horses. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:378–383, 1998.
- Pardridge WM: Blood-brain barrier drug targeting enables neuroprotection in brain ischemia following delayed intravenous administration of neurotrophins. Adv Exp Med Biol 513:397–430, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Costa AJ, Barbosa OF, Moraes FR, et al: Comparative efficacy evaluation of moxidectin gel and ivermectin paste against internal parasites of equines in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 80:29–36, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Sisson S: The ear. In Getty R, editor: Sisson and Grossman's the anatomy of the domestic animals, ed 5, Philadelphia, 1975, Saunders.
- Brandt JF: Bericht über eine Abhandlung, Untersuchung der Gattung Hyrax in anatomischer und verwandtschaftlicher Beziehung. Bull Acad Imp Sci 5:508, 1863.
- Endo H, Manglai D, Fujisawa M: The guttural pouch is not present in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum): morphology of the eustachian tube and nasopharynx. Anat Histol Embryol 27:327–330, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Hinchcliffe R, Pye A: Variations in the middle ear of the mammalia. J Zool 157:277, 1969.
- Manglai D, Wada R, Endo H, et al: Macroscopic anatomy of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) in the thoroughbred equine: a silicon mold approach. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 76:335–346, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Manglai D, Wada R, Kurohmaru M, et al: Histological and morphometrical studies on the mucosa of the equine guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 77:69–76, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Manglai D, Wada R, Kurohmaru M, et al: Distribution of immunoglobulin isotypes and subisotypes in equine guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum). J Vet Med Sci 62:1001–1003, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Wagner B: Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes of the horse. Dev Comp Immunol 30(1-2):155–164, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Hardy J, Leveille R: Diseases of the guttural pouches. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 19:123–158, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
- Baptiste KE: A function for guttural pouches in the horse. Nature 403:382–383, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Baptiste KE: A preliminary study on the role of the equine guttural pouches in selective brain cooling. Vet J 155:139–148, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Baptiste K: Functional anatomy observations of the pharyngeal orifice of the equine guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum). Vet J 153:311–319, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Cook WR: The auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) in the horse: its radiographic examination. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 14:51–71, 1973.
- Sasaki M, Hayashi Y, Koie H, et al: CT examination of the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) in Przewalski's horse (Equus pnewalskii). J Vet Med Sci 61:1019–1022, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Tietje S, Becker M, Bockenhoff G: Computed tomographic evaluation of head diseases in the horse: 15 cases. Equine Vet J 28:98–105, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
- Tucker RL, Farrell E: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the equine head. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 7:131–144, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Petzoldt S, Huskamp B: Computertomagraphische Untersuchungen bei der Otitis media und interna beim Pferd. Tierärztl Prax 29:315, 2001.
- Tyler RJ, Fox RI: Nasopharyngeal malignant amelanotic melanoma in a gelding age 9 years. Equine Vet Educ 5:25–30, 2003.
- Sweeney CR, Freeman DE, Sweeney RW, et al: Hemorrhage into the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) associated with rupture of the longus capitis muscle in three horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:1129–1131, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Chiesa A, Lopez C, Domingo M, et al: A percutaneous technique for guttural pouch lavage. Equine Pract 22:8–11, 2000.
- Chiesa OA, Garcia F, Domingo M, et al: Cytological and microbiological results from equine guttural pouch lavages obtained percutaneously: correlation with histopathological findings. Vet Rec 144:618–621, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Chiesa OA, Vidal D, Domingo M, et al: Cytological and bacteriological findings in guttural pouch lavages of clinically normal horses. Vet Rec 144:346–349, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Chiesa OA, Cuenca R, Mayayo E, et al: Cytological and microbiological findings in guttural pouch lavages of clinically normal horses with head restraint. Aust Vet J 80:234–238, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Cook WR: Diseases of the ear, nose, and throat in the horse. Part 1. The ear. In Grunsell CSG, editor: The veterinary annual, Bristol, UK, 1971, John Wright and Sons.
- Rashmir-Raven AM, DeBowes RM, Gift LJ, et al: What is your diagnosis? Upper airway obstruction in a horse caused by pharyngeal perforation during nasogastric intubation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1991, 1991–1992.
- Newton JR, Wood JL, Chanter N: Strangles: long term carriage of Streptococcus equi in horses. Equine Vet Educ 9:98–102, 1997.
- Modransky PD, Reed SM, Barbee DD: Dysphagia associated with guttural pouch empyema and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Equine Pract 4:34, 1982.
- Judy CE, Chaffin MK, Cohen ND: Empyema of the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) in horses: 91 cases (1977-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1666–1170, 1999.
- Trostle SS, Rantanen NW, Nilsson SL, et al: What is your diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:837–838, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Verheyen K, Newton JR, Talbot NC, et al: Elimination of guttural pouch infection and inflammation in asymptomatic carriers of Streptococcus equi. Equine Vet J 32:527–532, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Perkins JD, Schumacher J, Kelly G, et al: Standing surgical removal of inspissated guttural pouch exudate (chondroids) in ten horses. Vet Surg 35:658–662, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Fogle CA, Gerard MP, Johansson AM, et al: Spontaneous rupture of the guttural pouch as complication of treatment for guttural pouch empyema. Equine Vet Educ 19:351–355, 2007.
- Seahorn TL, Schumacher J: Nonsurgical removal of chondroid masses from the guttural pouches of two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:368–369, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
- Hawkins JF, Frank N, Sojka JE, et al: Fistulation of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) with a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for treatment of chronic empyema in two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:405–407, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Gehlen H, Ohnesorge B: Laser fenestration of the mesial septum for treatment of guttural pouch chondroids in a pony. Vet Surg 34:383–386, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Muñoz JA, Stephen J, Baptiste KE, et al: A surgical approach to the lateral compartment of the equine guttural pouch in the standing horse: modification of the forgotten “Garm technique.” Vet J 177:260–265, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
- Ludwig A, Gatineau S, Reynaud M-C, et al: Fungal isolation and identification in 21 cases of guttural pouch mycosis in horses (1998-2002). Vet J 169:457–461, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Greet TR: Outcome of treatment in 35 cases of guttural pouch mycosis. Equine Vet J 19:483–487, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Cook WR: The clinical features of guttural pouch mycosis in the horse. Vet Rec 83:336–345, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
- Church S, Wyn-Jones G, Park AH, et al: Treatment of guttural pouch mycosis. Equine Vet J 18:362–365, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Caron JP, Fretz PD, Bailey JV, et al: Balloon-tipped catheter arterial occlusion for prevention of hemorrhage caused by guttural pouch mycosis: 13 cases (1982-1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:345–349, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
- Smith DM, Barber SM: Guttural pouch hemorrhage associated with lesions of the maxillary artery in two horses. Can Vet J 25:239–242, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
- Freeman DE, Ross MW, Donawick WJ, et al: Occlusion of the external carotid and maxillary arteries in the horse to prevent hemorrhage from guttural pouch mycosis. Vet Surg 18:39–47, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
- Hahn CN: Horner's syndrome in horses. Equine Vet Educ 5:111–117, 2003.
- Walmsley JP: A case of atlantooccipital arthropathy following guttural pouch mycosis in a horse: the use of radioisotope bone scanning as an aid to diagnosis. Equine Vet J 20:219–220, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
- Hatziolos BC, Sass B, Albert TF, et al: Ocular changes in a horse with gutturomycosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:51–54, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
- McLaughlin BG, O'Brien JL: Guttural pouch mycosis and mycotic encephalitis in a horse. Can Vet J 27:109–111, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
- Dixon PM, Rowlands AC: Atlanto-occipital joint infection associated with guttural pouch mycosis in a horse. Equine Vet J 13:260–262, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
- Guillot J, Sarfati J, Ribot X, et al: Detection of antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in serum of horses with mycosis of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch). Am J Vet Res 58:1364–1366, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Davis EW, Legendre AM: Successful treatment of guttural pouch mycosis with itraconazole and topical enilconazole in a horse. J Vet Intern Med 8:304–305, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Utz JP: Chemotherapy of the systemic mycoses. Med Clin North Am 66:221–233, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
- McMullan WC, Joyce RJ, Hanselka DV, et al: Amphotericin B for the treatment of localized subcutaneous phycomycosis in the horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170:1293–1298, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
- Knottenbelt DC, Edwards GB: Topical fungicidal powder in the management of guttural pouch mycosis. J Vet Intern Med 20:460, 2006.
- Van Nieuwstadt RA, Kaalsbeek HC: Guttural pouch mycosis: local treatment with an indwelling through-the-nose catheter with enilconazole. Tijd Diergeneeskund 119:3–5, 1994.
- Korenek NL, Legendre AM, Andrews FM, et al: Treatment of mycotic rhinitis with itraconazole in three horses. J Vet Intern Med 8:224–227, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Latimer FG, Colitz CMH, Campbell NB, et al: Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of fluconazole following repeated oral administration in horses. Am J Vet Res 62:1606–1611, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
- Speirs VC, Harrison IW, van Veenendaal JC, et al: Is specific antifungal therapy necessary for the treatment of guttural pouch mycosis? Equine Vet J 27:151–152, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Ernst NS, Freeman DE, MacKay RJ: Progression of mycosis of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) after arterial occlusion in a horse with contralateral temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:1945–1948, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
- Colles CM, Cook WR: Carotid and cerebral angiography in the horse. Vet Rec 113:483–489, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
- McIlwraith CW, Turner AS: Equine surgery: advanced techniques. Philadelphia, 1987, Lea & Febiger.
- Owen RR: Epistaxis prevented by ligation of the internal carotid artery in the guttural pouch. Equine Vet J 6:143–149, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
- Woodie JB, Ducharme NG, Gleed RD, et al: In horses with guttural pouch mycosis or after stylohyoid bone resection, what arterial ligation(s) could be effective in emergency treatment of a hemorrhagic crisis? Vet Surg 31:498, 2002.
- Freeman DE, Donawick WJ, Klein L: Effect of ligation on internal carotid artery pressure in horses. Vet Surg 23:250–256, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
- Hardy J, Robertson JT, Wilkie DA: Ischemic optic neuropathy and blindness after arterial occlusion for treatment of guttural pouch mycosis in two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1631–1634, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
- Freeman DE, Donawick WJ: Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: clinical use of a method to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:236–240, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
- Freeman DE, Staller GS, Maxson AD, et al: Unusual internal carotid artery branching that prevented arterial occlusion with a balloon-tipped catheter in a horse. Vet Surg 22:531–534, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
- Freeman DE, Ross MW, Donawick WJ: “Steal phenomenon” proposed as the cause of blindness after arterial occlusion for treatment of guttural pouch mycosis in horses. Am Vet Med Assoc 197:811–812, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
- Cheramie HS, Pleasant RS, Robertson JL, et al: Evaluation of a technique to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses. Vet Surg 28:83–90, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Cheramie HS, Pleasant RS, Dabareiner RM, et al: Detachable latex balloon occlusion of an internal carotid artery with an aberrant branch in a horse with guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) mycosis: evaluation of a technique to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:888–891, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Léveillé R, Hardy J, Robertson JT, et al: Transarterial coil embolization of the internal and external carotid and maxillary arteries for prevention of hemorrhage from guttural pouch mycosis in horses. Vet Surg 29:389–397, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
- Matsuda Y, Nakanishi Y, Mizuno Y: Occlusion of the internal carotid artery by means of microcoils for preventing epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis in horses. J Vet Med Sci 61:221–225, 1998.
- Ragle CA, Wooten TL, Tucker RL, et al: Microcoil embolization of the rostral portion of the internal carotid artery in the horse. Vet Surg 26:425, 1997.
- Lepage OM, Piccot-Crezollet C: Transarterial coil embolization in 31 horses (1999-2002) with guttural pouch mycosis: a 2 year follow-up. Equine Vet J 37:430–434, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
- Bacon Miller C, Wilson DA, Martin DD, et al: Complications of balloon catheterization associated with aberrant cerebral arterial anatomy in a horse with guttural pouch mycosis. Vet Surg 27:450–453, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
- Delfs KC, Hawkins JF, Hogan DF: Treatment of acute epistaxis secondary to guttural pouch mycosis with transarterial nitinol vascular occlusion plugs in three equids. J Am Vet Med Assoc 235:189–193, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
- Blythe LL, Watrous BJ: Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (middle ear disease). In Robinson NE, editor: Current therapy in equine medicine, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1997, Saunders, pp 323–325.
- Blythe LL: Otitis media and interna and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 13:21–42, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
- Blythe LL, Watrous BJ, Schmitz JA, et al: Vestibular syndrome associated with temporohyoid joint fusion and temporal bone fracture in three horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:775–781, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
- Walker AM, Sellon DC, Cornelisse CJ, et al: Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in 33 horses (1993-2000). J Vet Intern Med 16:697–703, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
- Newton SA, Knottenbelt DC: Vestibular disease in two horses: a case of mycotic otitis media and a case of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Vet Rec 145:142–144, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
- Naylor RJ, Perkins JD, Allen S, et al: Histopathology and computed tomography of age-associated degeneration of the equine temporohyoid joint. Equine Vet J 42:425–430, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
- Spurlock SL, Spurlock GH, Wise M: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with fracture of the stylohyoid bone in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:258–259, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
- Pease AP, Van Biervliet J, Dykes NL, et al: Complication of partial stylohyoidectomy for treatment of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy and an alternative surgical technique in three cases. Equine Vet J 36:546–550, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
- Hilton H, Puchalski SM, Aleman M: The computed tomographic appearance of equine temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:151–156, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
- Blythe LL, Watrous BJ, Shires GM, et al: Prophylactic partial stylohyoid ostectomy for horses with osteoarthropathy of the temporohyoid joint. J Equine Vet Sci 14:32–37, 1994.
- Blythe LL, Watrous BJ, Pearson EG, et al: Otitis media/interna in the horse: a cause of head shaking and skull fractures. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 36:517–528, 1990.
- Hassel DM, Schott HC, Tucker RL, et al: Endoscopy of the auditory tube diverticula in four horses with otitis media/interna. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1081–1084, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
- Maher O, MacDonald MH, Aleman M, et al: Surgical management of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy: 24 cases (1993-2008). Proc Amer Assoc Equine Pract 54:44, 2008.